Friday, November 20, 2015

M32 and M110, Andromeda's satellite galaxies

Andromeda Galaxy, the most distant object visible to the naked eye is often one of the most viewed DSOs by amateur astronomers. It lies about 1 arc degree from the star nu Andromedae (35 And), a spectroscopic binary that is bright enough to be seen with the naked eye in a fairly dark sky. All of the above make Andromeda Galaxy, one of the easiest objects to locate in the sky. However, the same cannot be said about its companions the dwarf galaxies M32 and M110.

One of the main problems to see both objects is Andromeda itself. Its brightness takes all the attention and overshadows both galactic satellites.

With an apparent magnitude of 8.1, a surface brightness of 12.46 and an angular size of 8.5' x 6.5', M32 is the easiest to see. Apparently, it seems to make a right scalene triangle with two stars of 9th magnitude and in the binoculars it looked like a stellar, but fuzzy object of similar magnitude to its two companions stars. I had seen it from a Bortle 9 sky and there had been no clue that it wasn´t a non-stellar object.

On the other side of Andromeda lies M110. It has an apparent magnitude of 8.1, similar to M32 and a surface brightness of 13.98 because its angular size (19.5' x 11.5') is much larger than M32. I tried to hunt M110 in various sessions, but I only managed to see it from my Bortle 5 sky in a night with excellent transparent and good seeing.  Despite being less affected by Andromeda’s glance than M32 that practically lies in the outskirts of the giant galaxy, M110 is a galaxy very tough to see (at least from my skies). It looked like a ghostly patch and I could only perceive it with averted vision after full dark eye adaptation.

I wish to the readers a dark and clear sky and that the next time you take a look at Andromeda, you can see these 3 magnificent galaxies.


LG
  


Edited by Jennifer Steinberg (editor in chief)




Thursday, November 19, 2015

M72 and M73 in Aquarius

Comparison: Bortle 6 vs. Bortle 4 sky

This summer was a long period of clouds and rain so I did not have a chance to look at the sky. I probably had only 2 or 3 clear nights during the whole summer so I was basically dedicated to practicing the piano, my other hobby. Now that the rainy season is over, I am glad that once again I have something to share in the blog.

As soon as the clear nights started I began to think about completing my 80 Messier sketches. Why 80? I am a member of AstronomyForum.net and they encourage members to reach certain goals like 30, 70 (or 80) and 110 Messier seen, sketched or photographed. I already completed the 30 Messier Sketch Award so I wanted to go for the next step: the 80 Messier Sketch Award.

With only two Messiers left and using my 15x70 binoculars on a Bortle 5-6 sky I only had a few options to reach the goal: M56 (GC in Lyra), M104 (Sombrero galaxy) or M72 (GC in Aquarium).
The night of the 6th of November I went out of my apartment determined to reach my 80 sketches. M56 was just above the glimmer of the northern sky therefore I couldn’t see it. I thought I might have more luck with M72, a globular cluster that I had unsuccessfully tried before. I was using Stellarium mobile to do the star hopping and with not as many stars as the PC version I thought I had found it as well as M73, an asterism located about 1°20’ of M72. 

I could barely see a star southwest of HIP 103151 and because I did not see that star in my tablet I thought it could be M72.  Later on my computer, I found out that there was star of magnitude 9.40 that was very close to M72 so what I had seen was that star and not the globular cluster. The same happened to M73, I misplaced two stars of magnitude 9.25 and 8.85 and I thought one of them could be M73.
I had not seen any of the DSOs so I felt a little disappointed with my location. Even with a perfect seeing and transparency, there was no way I could see those objects with a bright background sky like the one above my apartment complex.

The good news is that Lijiang is a small city surrounded by mountains, looking at the map the blue and green areas, where the sky is much darker, are quite near enough to visit in a night. I live just in the edge of an Orange area (red pin), Bortle 5-6 so my views of the North West sky are not so good. Looking south from my place is far more pleasant as the sky is notoriously darker.

Two nights later, I went to one of the edges of the city to try my luck with M72. I drove southwest from my apartment and about 4 miles later I found myself in a village with no lights on and the sky seemed pretty dark especially in the Northwest direction (blue pin).

Less than 5 miles from my house, I was enjoying a Bortle 4 sky (Green-blue transition area). It was dark enough to allow me see the Milky Way in Cygnus and Cassiopeia. I unpacked the binos and the tripod and started to search. I clearly saw M56 as a round smudge and before I started to sketch I checked out M72. This time I found it and not only that but I also saw a weak spot where M73 should be located.  That asterism had a stellar appearance with just a little of fuzziness around. Without doubt I knew that it was M73 and both Messier fitted in my binoculars field of view; definitely, good news. I could fit both Messiers in one sketch and then I would finally get the M80 sketch award.

Without doubt, what a nice combination: a pretty dark sky and a pair of binoculars. There is still more to watch with my binos, but I think it’s time to go to the next step: a telescope. Of course, they will be my grab and go optics and a nice tool besides the scope.

Clear skies and I wish you a happy thanksgiving!!!

LG                         


Edited by Jennifer Steinberg (editor in chief)


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